학위논문 연구 관련 안내 자료들 (3) Kornuta & Germaine (2019), A Concise Guide

Halyna M. Kornuta and Ron W. Germaine (2019). A Concise Guide to Writing a Thesis or Dissertation: Educational Research and Beyond. Second Edition. Routledge. (First edition self-published 2006)

* 교육 분야 연구에 초점화된 책.

* 정말 구체적으로 논문의 각 챕터의 포맷과 첫 문장 시작하는 법부터 그 장에서 써야 할 동사 시제까지 친절하게 알려줌. 논문 작성 매 단계에 다시 펴서 참고할 만한 책.

* 제목대로, 간략함(작은 페이지로 117쪽).

 

Part I. The big picture

2) Topic development

- 열정이 가는 주제를 선정하기: A research study is too much work for its own sake unless you feel some passion for the topic you are investigating. 

- 주제에 관해 다른 사람들과 의논하기: Look within your own professional practice for ideas, discuss ideas with others, including professors, colleagues, and other practitioners. Explaining your interest and answering their questions will help you to focus your ideas, sharpen your purpose, and even lead to a source of support.

- 문제를 'A가 B에 미치는 영향'이라는 형태로 명료화하기: Clarifying the problem and writing a purpose will be easier when you define a problem in terms of: What effect does [some intervention or strategy] have on [measures of what you want to influence]? 

 

2) Organization 
3 논문 작성의 순서는 2-1-3-4-5장: the place to begin is with the Chapter Two review of literature, followed by Chapter One, which introduces the study; then Chapter Three, which presents the plan for gathering and analyzing data, followed by Chapter Four with its presentation and analysis of data, and finally the executive summary of Chapter Five, which discusses the findings, draws conclusions, and looks ahead to make recommendations for change in policy or practice and need for further study. 

- 선행연구 검토에서는 주제에 대한 다양한 관점을 충실히 포함하기: The Literature Review for your area of focus should reflect current knowledge about the topic to be investigated, and should review what other researchers have discovered about the issue, or closely related topics. It is important to write about the topic with sufficient breadth to present differing perspectives or contrasting views of the topic, and with sufficient depth to report the complexities of the issue. 

- 선행연구를 읽으면서, 각 논문의 APA포맷 서지정보와 간략한 메모를 덧붙인 annotated bibliography 작성할 것 강추: We highly recommend keeping an ongoing, annotated bibliography throughout the writing process as a way of tracking key ideas and sources. Notes and ideas from each source are briefly summarized within an annotated bibliography, and the source identified in APA format so that it is available for the reference section. The annotated bibliography will provide a quick link for you to go back to sources, which is often needed during writing. An example of an entry in an annotated bibliography is:

Marshall, J., Smart, J., & Alston, D. (2016). Development and validation of Teacher Intentionality of Practice Scale (TIPS): A measure to evaluate and scaffold professional development. Teaching and Teacher Education, 59, 159– 168. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2016.05.007
The Marshall et al. article identifies seven teacher-controllable actions that are said to lead to greater student success. Note to self: Compare/align the seven actions with other measures of teacher effectiveness to see how they match. 

- [Chapter 2. 에서 다시 강조:] Maintain an ongoing annotated bibliography for all of the journal articles, books, and web sources you read. A one or two sentence summary provides a quick reminder of the information, or you may expand to include ideas or perspectives that will be helpful to your Literature Review.

 

6) Process and product 
- 아이디어 개발, 선행연구 검토, 방법론에 시간 꽤 걸리고, 첫 단계에선 흔히 불안감을 느낌: A significant time commitment is required to complete a research proposal, and to carry out the study. Students have estimated that the process of developing and prioritizing ideas requires a minimum of 30 hours, the Literature Review 80 hours, and the methodological framework 30 hours. The initial stages of writing often include a feeling of uncertainty. This ‘muddling through’ stage is typical as your ideas develop and evolve. 

 

Part II. Framework and substance of chapters

* 각 장 작성에 관한 구체적인 가이드.

 

Chapter 1. Introduction

- 문헌 인용은 10년 이내 문헌으로. 단 듀이, 피아제 급은 예외: Be current – within the last ten years – though exceptions are necessary for ‘foundation’ authors. For example, writers in education might include foundational authors such as Dewey (1916); Piaget (1954); or Burns (1978); 

- 배경 논의에서는 이 주제에 대한 연구의 역사, 최근 흐름, 남겨진 문제 등 제시: The background presents the ‘big picture,’ identifying the context of the problem to be investigated. It sets the stage for the relevance and purpose of the study. This section contains a history of the issue you are investigating and how it was dealt with in the past. / The background provides a discussion of how the problem developed over time, trends related to the issue, and unresolved elements and/or social concerns. For example, when addressing the background of how the needs of students with disabilities have been handled in the past, you might write about how they have been segregated, provided with Individualized Education Plans, and mainstreamed. 

 

Chapter 2. Review of the literature 

- 대립하는 관점들을 제시: A good Literature Review summarizes and critiques related studies and shows how their findings link to the problem being investigated. A good Literature Review should also present contrasting views about the topic. * 책 추천: Noll, J.W. (Ed.). (2011). Taking sides: Clashing views on controversial issues (16th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. 

- 선행연구 읽으면서, 결론의 '향후 연구 제언'에 주목하기: When reading the conclusions of studies, note the unanswered questions and comments about the ‘need for further study.’ Such questions and comments might provide direction for your study. 

- 항상 동료들 및 전문가들과 이야기하기: Interact with peers, colleagues, and experts in your field throughout all phases of your work, from initial ideas to development of recommendations. Reviewing ideas with others will add richness to your study.  

- 모든 책, 모든 논문을 읽는 게 아니라, 나의 목적을 분명히 해서 초점을 갖고 읽기: Remember to work smart. You do not have to read every book and journal article. Keep your purpose clearly in mind and use it to focus your search. 

 

* 나중에 다시 볼 것:

Chapter 3. Methodology

Chapter 4. Findings and Analysis

Chapter 5. Summary, discussion of findings and conclusions, and recommendations 

Appendix A: Rubric for evaluating writing 89
Appendix D: Research planning organizer 103