학위논문 연구 관련 안내 자료들 (2) Fleming (2021), Survival Skills

Fleming, R.S.(2021).Survival Skills for Thesis and Dissertation Candidates.Springer.
* 챕터별로 주요 팁과 함께 여러 대학원생들의 경험에 기초한 조언들을 수록해 좋음.
* 각 챕터 bibliography에 다른 논문작성 가이드 서적을 많이 소개해 줌.
* 각 단계에 충분한 시간을 할애하고, 비현실적으로 성급한 계획을 갖지 말라는 방향의 조언이 많음.
* 아직 내겐 멀게 느껴지는, 논문 작성 단계별 구체적인 사항은 정리하지 않음.

Ch. 1. Your Commitment is Essential to Success
- 단단히 마음먹기: understand that this will be one of the most challenging and labor-intensive journeys that you will ever undertake ... The importance of developing and enacting a realistic plan for project completion through effective time allocation and management must be fully acknowledged before you proceed. ... Your success in this life-changing professional endeavor will demandcomplete commitment to producing a quality outcome. ... While some students acknowledge this before embarking on their research travels, others came to understand fully the importance of a genuine commitment at some later point throughout their respective journeys.
- 관심을 넘어 열정을 가진 주제를 선정하는 게 좋음: The advice of one research advisor to a student toselect a research topic that they were not just interested in, but also passionate about, became really useful advice.

Ch. 2. The Research Process
- 조급함은 흔한 실수. 시간적 목표를 너무 빡세게 잡지 말기: Former students suggest learning not only the overall process, but also the importance of the early steps in setting a trajectory towards successful completion of their research.One common mistake included trying to rush through the early stages of the process and then becoming frustrated and disenchanted when their research advisor and committee members suggested that it was time to slow down the momentum and address some problems.Others feltpressure to finish their work on a particular timeline that was either self-imposed or too fast for their current skill level.

Ch. 3. The Importance of Effective Time Management
- 여유 시간을 계획에 포함시키기: With any type of plan, it is wise to acknowledge thatincorporating some break time will help increase your chances of success.Multiple students mention that they gave themselves a day off, or a few hours in their daily schedule to exercise, to relax, or to walk outside.By having this extra space added into their usual planning, and sometimes explicitly as a section in their schedule grid,the students became more realistic and determined that they simply could not work continuously on their project all day or every day.Others realized later that they were actually more productive after building into their routines some free time to think about things other than their thesis or dissertation, or to exercise or listen to music. Having extra time planned can also help with catching up on tasks when the time to complete certain activities is outside your control and in the hands of others, such as your survey participants or members of your research committee.
- 비현실적인 목표를 세우지 말기: DON'T:Develop personal goals or dreams that are too aggressive, or otherwise unrealistic.

Ch. 4. Developing a Realistic Timetable
- 동료와 지도교수님에게 계획이 현실적인지 확인받는 것도 방법: Some graduate students recommendhaving your research advisor and committee members review and approve your work plan and proposed timetable after it has been reviewed by your peers, in order to determine its practicality given the topic and activities required. As a new researcher, you may not have realized that you misjudged something.
- 연구 외 책임, 연구방법론에 익숙한 정도 등을 고려해 각자 자신에게 맞는 계획이 필요: Another student, with high aspirations and achievements from their undergraduate days at a college reunion, discovered that an overly aggressive or otherwise unrealistic timetable would not serve most other students well during thesis or dissertation travel. This student had minimal responsibilities and did not have to work during their time as a graduate student, and they already knew how do execute their research methods from prior work experiences in the field. Once again, most students realize, their particular thesis and dissertation manuscript must get completed in a realistic manner for their individual circumstances.
-DON'T: Isolate yourself from othersas you develop your research plan and timetable.

Ch. 5. Developing a Time and Resource Allocation Plan
- 자신의 시간관리 방식을 검토하기, 각 작업에 소요될 시간을 과소평가하지 말기, 한 가지를 성취한 후에는 축하와 휴식과 다음 활동 준비의 시간을 갖기 등.
Things NOT to Do:
• Minimize the importance ofevaluating your personal time management patterns and preferencesin developing a time allocation plan.
•Underestimate the time required to complete each activity.
• Allow distractions or procrastination habits to impede your progress.
• Become frustrated or overwhelmed by focusing on the amount of work it will take to complete the overall thesis or dissertation process.
• Overlook theimportance of building in time after completion of each milestone or activity to celebrate success, relax, and prepare for the next activity.
• Skip the reflection step of evaluating how you are allocating and using time at various points in the process and/or refuse to make the changes necessary to enhance your effectiveness.

Ch. 7. The Importance of Meeting Deadlines
- 마감일에 쫓기는 스트레스를 기억하자: Being aware of upcoming deadlines and properly preparing in advance of them can result in a good type of stress that can both motivate and empower you. But for many students, working up to the last minute to meet deadlines, or expecting to miss them entirely, can produce real anxiety and frustration.
- 동료끼리 서로 점검해주기, 자체 마감일 설정 등도 방법:Some students found partners among their peers who could help them understanding the timing of deadlinesand keep them aware of upcoming issues they might encounter during their travels. A few students found a process that worked for them, in which they actually held each other accountable for staying on track in their progress in advance of each and every communication with their research advisors. In doing so, they reported to each other first, and developed project charts that each used to keep up with work on their projects. Some would check in with their group to ask certain questions in order to monitor each other’s progress, or just to regularly offer encouragement to each other throughout their respective journeys, even if their steps were not occurring at the same times. ...One group of students agreed to plan on completing each stage of their work at least a month before any related deadlines, which seemed to work quite well.

Ch. 16. Identifying a Research Topic
- 논문 주제에 따라 자신의 전문 영역이 정해지고, 연구방법론을 훈련하게 됨: your dissertation topic needs to be one which ideally helps you do two things: (a) to determine a disciplinary area of your interest with which you are comfortable being associated and possibly maintaining expertise; and (b) to help you practice, with skilled guidance, a research method which is commonly used in that discipline.
- 탐색 시간을 충분히 갖기:Start early in thinking about a research topic, and leave yourself lots of time to research...
- 다른 사람들과 논의하기:Discuss your potential research topic with other graduate students, people in your discipline, and even academics in other fields.

Ch. 17. Refining Your Research Topic
- 무엇을, 어떻게 연구할 것인지를 한 문장으로 말할 수 있어야: Ideally, one sentence should capture your project’s essence, at least for most audiences.If you can’t state your project idea in one sentence, you may be trying to do too much in your project, or you haven’t streamlined the purposes of your study.

Ch. 18. Identifying Literature Review Sources
- 포괄적인 문헌검토의 중요성: A strong literature review is an essential element of your thesis or dissertation research. Your literature review shouldcover all of the seminal literature on your topic.The insights gained from conducting a comprehensive literature review willenable you to establish the parameters for your research project, includingwhy you are doing it, why you are designing it in a particular way, and the underlying assumptions that form the context for your research.
- 검색 과정을 기록해 놓기: Much like a traveler would keep a journal of places visited, you will want tokeep a record of the search terms and limiters you choose on the different search screens (like subject headings, dates, keywords, relevance vs. newest date, etc.). It is important to utilize multiple resources provided for your subject area, given that the database content of different vendors may not overlap.
- 포괄적인 문헌검토 중요성과 소요시간을 과소평가하지 말기: Many students have been reminded by many of their professors that a comprehensive literature review plays a vital role in successful trip planning and travels. One student stated that they had greatly underestimated both the importance of a comprehensive literature review and the time required to review the literature related to their topic properly. The student was surprised to learn that other students spent weeks and months devoted to the literature review stage of their projects, rather than only a week or two. Others realized that most of their early work was in searching and reading previous studies in their field, which actually took less time than writing about them.
- 빠르고 효율적으로 하겠다며 폭넓은 문헌검토를 생략하지 말기: Sadly, another student reported multiple missteps in this stage of their project, andthey worked too quickly, explicitly not seeking broad familiarity with the large quantity of literature in their area. As expected, this led them on rocky dissertation travels.In a false spirit of efficiency,the student had quickly and narrowly selected a particular list of articles that they had found, and created a ready answer about how other research was not related to their own topic or project. Their peers were astonished that the student, who was fortunate enough to have heard previous advice on how candidates needed to become immersed in the dialogue of their field in order to become a scholar themselves, was too stubborn to comply.In thinking that they had found a shortcut, the student instead was directed by their research advisor and committee members to do much more work to prove that they actually read and understood a wide range of related articles before making any decisions. This delayed their journey by nearly another year, and the rest of their class moved onward in the program without them.

Ch. 19. Identifying Research Questions
- 성급해하지 말고, 충분한 노력을 들이기: One student discussed their impatience with trying to arrive at the right research questions or even put forth more than the minimum amount of work before receiving feedback, since they felt that revisions were going to be required no matter what kind of work they offered to their advisors. This misstep is a common one among thesis and dissertation travelers eager to complete their journeys. The student who took the easy way out for each deadline ended up angering their research advisor, who felt that their time was wasted in reviewing mediocre and often poor work.
- Recognize that research questions are difficult to write.
- Allocate the necessary time to develop a set of research questions that correspond with your research interest.

Ch. 20. Developing a Research Design
- 지도교수님이 내 연구설계를 비판할 것임을 예상하고, 비판을 수용하기: You should realize that your research advisor and members of your research committee have the right of first refusal for the design you are proposing, and you should expect that they will heavily critique your proposed method and all of its details.
- 충분히 숙고해서 설계하기: Rather than selecting a simple, easy, or popular research design, taking the time to discern for yourself the right context, argument, and research design for your particular project will definitely ensure safe travels ahead.

Ch. 21. Identifying Data Collection Methodology
- 통계방법론 무서워하지 말기^^, 어려움을 빨리 인지하고 도움을 받기: For some of you, the quantitative part of the thesis or dissertation may befrightening.However, we assure you that this only makes you nervous because it is unfamiliar. In fact, descriptive and inferential statistical techniques are indeed possible to learn, as many before you have done.Collecting research data via strict rules and procedures is likely something most students have not done extensively before, nor in such detail. ... If you experience difficulty in finding or procuring your necessary primary sources, or in learning new technologies to perform your critique,be sure to identify these challenges early and often so that you can seek the help of knowledgeable otherswho may not be in your current social network.
- 쉬워 보이거나 주변에서 많이 쓴다는 이유로 방법론을 선택하지 말기.

Ch. 22. Identifying Data Analysis Methodology
- 역시, 성급하게 결정하지 말고 시간 충분히 들이기: Another graduate student labored on their journey for way too long because they rushed to make quick decisions on both data collection and analysis, and subsequently endured the consequences. Later they encouraged their classmates totake the time to make informed decisions regarding crucial aspects of their research projectand to recognize that not every decision about a project is equally important to its outcome.

Ch. 38. Final Thoughts
- 피상적이고 조급한 접근 비추: While many travelers desire to see as much as they can in the shortest period of time,a cursory approach to travel in the “fast lane” can deny you the opportunity to make a real, lasting contributionto your profession and the world.